clang-format: Fix left pointer alignment after delctype/typeof

Change 272124* introduced a regression in spaceRequiredBetween for left aligned pointers to decltype and typeof expressions. This fix adds logic to fix this. The test added is based on a related test in determineStarAmpUsage. Also add test cases for the regression.

http://llvm.org/viewvc/llvm-project?view=revision&revision=272124
LLVM bug tracker: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=30407

Differential revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D35847

Fix contributed by euhlmann!

llvm-svn: 310831