Itanium Mangling: Mangle `__alignof__` differently than `alignof`.

The two operations have acted differently since Clang 8, but were
unfortunately mangled the same. The new mangling uses new "vendor
extended expression" syntax proposed in
https://github.com/itanium-cxx-abi/cxx-abi/issues/112

GCC had the same mangling problem, https://gcc.gnu.org/PR88115, and
will hopefully be switching to the same mangling as implemented here.

Additionally, fix the mangling of `__uuidof` to use the new extension
syntax, instead of its previous nonstandard special-case.

Adjusts the demangler accordingly.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D93922