[scudo] Add a shared runtime

Summary:
Up to now, the Scudo cmake target only provided a static library that had to be
linked to an executable to benefit from the hardened allocator.
This introduces a shared library as well, that can be LD_PRELOAD'ed.

Reviewers: alekseyshl

Reviewed By: alekseyshl

Subscribers: srhines, mgorny, llvm-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D38980

llvm-svn: 316342