[compiler-rt][UBSan] Sanitization for alignment assumptions.

Summary:
This is the compiler-rt part.
The clang part is D54589.

This is a second commit, the original one was r351106,
which was mass-reverted in r351159 because 2 compiler-rt tests were failing.

Now, i have fundamentally changed the testing approach:
i malloc a few bytes, intentionally mis-align the pointer
(increment it by one), and check that. Also, i have decreased
the expected alignment. This hopefully should be enough to pacify
all the bots. If not, i guess i might just drop the two 'bad' tests.

Reviewers: filcab, vsk, #sanitizers, vitalybuka, rsmith, morehouse

Reviewed By: morehouse

Subscribers: rjmccall, krytarowski, rsmith, kcc, srhines, kubamracek, dberris, llvm-commits

Tags: #sanitizers

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D54590

llvm-svn: 351178