Add intrinsics for constrained floating point operations

This commit introduces a set of experimental intrinsics intended to prevent
optimizations that make assumptions about the rounding mode and floating point
exception behavior.  These intrinsics will later be extended to specify
flush-to-zero behavior.  More work is also required to model instruction
dependencies in machine code and to generate these instructions from clang
(when required by pragmas and/or command line options that are not currently
supported).

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D27028

llvm-svn: 293226