[clang][cli] Store additional optimization remarks info

After a revision of D96274 changed `DiagnosticOptions` to not store all remark arguments **as-written**, it is no longer possible to reconstruct the arguments accurately from the class.

This is caused by the fact that for `-Rpass=regexp` and friends, `DiagnosticOptions` store only the group name `pass` and not `regexp`. This is the same representation used for the plain `-Rpass` argument.

Note that each argument must be generated exactly once in `CompilerInvocation::generateCC1CommandLine`, otherwise each subsequent call would produce more arguments than the previous one. Currently this works out because of the way `RoundTrip` splits the responsibilities for certain arguments based on what arguments were queried during parsing. However, this invariant breaks when we move to single round-trip for the whole `CompilerInvocation`.

This patch ensures that for one `-Rpass=regexp` argument, we don't generate two arguments (`-Rpass` from `DiagnosticOptions` and `-Rpass=regexp` from `CodeGenOptions`) by shifting the responsibility for handling both cases to `CodeGenOptions`. To distinguish between the cases correctly, additional information is stored in `CodeGenOptions`.

The `CodeGenOptions` parser of `-Rpass[=regexp]` arguments also looks at `-Rno-pass` and `-R[no-]everything`, which is necessary for generating the correct argument regardless of the ordering of `CodeGenOptions`/`DiagnosticOptions` parsing/generation.

Reviewed By: dexonsmith

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D96847