[libc++] Explicitly reject `uniform_int_distribution<bool>` and `<char>`.

`uniform_int_distribution<T>` is UB unless `T` is one of the non-character,
non-boolean integer types (`short` or larger). However, libc++ has never
enforced this. D114129 accidentally made `uniform_int_distribution<bool>`
into an error. Make it now *intentionally* an error; and likewise for the
character types and all user-defined class and enum types; but permit
`__[u]int128_t` to continue working.

Apply the same static_assert to all the integer distributions.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D114920