[lld-macho] Have relocation address included in range-check error message

This makes it easier to debug those errors. See e.g. https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/52767#issuecomment-1028713943

We take the approach of 'reverse-engineering' the InputSection from the
output buffer offset. This provides for a cleaner Target API, and is
similar to LLD-ELF's implementation of getErrorPlace().

Reviewed By: #lld-macho, Roger

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D118903