[IR] Replace all uses of CallBase::getCalledValue() with getCalledOperand().

This method has been commented as deprecated for a while. Remove
it and replace all uses with the equivalent getCalledOperand().

I also made a few cleanups in here. For example, to removes use
of getElementType on a pointer when we could just use getFunctionType
from the call.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D78882