[InstCombine] Teach the udiv folding logic how to handle constant expressions.

This patch fixes PR30366.

Function foldUDivShl() worked under the assumption that one of the values
in input to the function was always an instance of llvm::Instruction.
However, function visitUDivOperand() (the only user of foldUDivShl) was
clearly violating that precondition; internally, visitUDivOperand() uses pattern
matches to check the operands of a udiv. Pattern matchers for binary operators
know how to handle both Instruction and ConstantExpr values.

This patch fixes the problem in foldUDivShl(). Now we use pattern matchers
instead of explicit casts to Instruction. The reduced test case from PR30366
has been added to test file InstCombine/udiv-simplify.ll.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D24565

llvm-svn: 282398