[PM] Flesh out almost all of the late loop passes.

With this the per-module pass pipeline is *extremely* close to the
legacy PM. The missing pieces are:
- PruneEH (or some equivalent)
- ArgumentPromotion
- LoopLoadElimination
- LoopUnswitch

I'm going to work through those in essentially that order but this seems
like a worthwhile incremental step toward the end state.

One difference in what I have here from the legacy PM is that I've
consolidated some of the per-function passes at the very end of the
pipeline into the main optimization function pipeline. The intervening
passes are *really* uninteresting and so this seems very likely to have
any effect other than minor improvement to locality.

Note that there are still some failures in the test suite, but the
compiler doesn't crash or assert.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D29114

llvm-svn: 293241