[PM] Teach BasicAA how to invalidate its result object.

This requires custom handling because BasicAA caches handles to other
analyses and so it needs to trigger indirect invalidation.

This fixes one of the common crashes when using the new PM in real
pipelines. I've also tweaked a regression test to check that we are at
least handling the most immediate case.

I'm going to work at re-structuring this test some to both scale better
(rather than all being in one file) and check more invalidation paths in
a follow-up commit, but I wanted to get the basic bug fix in place.

llvm-svn: 290603