[LoopVectorize] use IR fast-math-flags exclusively (not FP function attributes)

I am trying to untangle the fast-math-flags propagation logic
in the vectorizers (see a6f02212 for SLP).

The loop vectorizer has a mix of checking FP function attributes,
IR-level FMF, and just wrong assumptions.

I am trying to avoid regressions while fixing this, and I think
the IR-level logic is good enough for that, but it's hard to say
for sure. This would be the 1st step in the clean-up.

The existing test that I changed to include 'fast' actually shows
a miscompile: the function only had the equivalent of nnan, but we
created new instructions that had fast (all FMF set). This is
similar to the example in https://llvm.org/PR35538

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D95452