[ValueTracking] peek through min/max to find isKnownToBeAPowerOfTwo

This is similar to the select logic just ahead of the new code.
Min/max choose exactly one value from the inputs, so if both of
those are a power-of-2, then the result must be a power-of-2.

This might help with D98152, but we likely still need other
pieces of the puzzle to avoid regressions.

The change in PatternMatch.h is needed to build with clang.
It's possible there is a better way to deal with the 'const'
incompatibities.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D99276