[XRay][profiler] Part 5: Profiler File Writing

Summary:
This is part of the larger XRay Profiling Mode effort.

This patch implements the profile writing mechanism, to allow profiles
collected through the profiler mode to be persisted to files.

Follow-on patches would allow us to load these profiles and start
converting/analysing them through the `llvm-xray` tool.

Depends on D44620.

Reviewers: echristo, kpw, pelikan

Reviewed By: kpw

Subscribers: llvm-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D45998

llvm-svn: 334472