[InstCombine] Switch foldOpIntoPhi() to use InstSimplify

foldOpIntoPhi() currently only folds operations into the phi if all
but one operands constant-fold. The two exceptions to this are freeze
and select, where we allow more general simplification.

This patch makes foldOpIntoPhi() generally simplification based and
removes all the instruction-specific logic. We just try to simplify
the instruction for each operand, and for the (potentially) one
non-simplified operand, we move it into the new block with adjusted
operands.

This fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/57448, which
was my original motivation for the change.