[mlir][sparse] properly record dimension level type and properties

A next step towards supporting the new dimension level types and
properties. This changes properly records the properties in the
Merger, so that subsequent computations (lattice optimizations)
and code generation (during sparsification) can do the right thing.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/51658

Reviewed By: Peiming

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D133620