Add support for OpPhi in loop header block

During deserialization, the loop header block will be moved into the
spv.loop's region. If the loop header block has block arguments,
we need to make sure it is correctly carried over to the block where
the new spv.loop resides.

During serialization, we need to make sure block arguments from the
spv.loop's entry block are not silently dropped.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 280021777