[SimplifyCFG] Remap rewritten debug intrinsic operands.

FoldBranchToCommonDest clones instructions to a different basic block,
but handles debug intrinsics in a separate path. Previously, when
cloning debug intrinsics, their operands were not updated to reference
the correct cloned values. As a result, we would emit debug.value
intrinsics with broken operand references which are discarded in later
passes. This leads to incorrect debuginfo that reports incorrect values
for variables.

Fix this by remapping debug intrinsic operands when cloning them.

Fixes https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45667.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D79602