[Loads] Forward constant vector store to load of first element

InstCombine performs simple forwarding from stores to loads, but
currently only handles the case where the load and store have the
same size. This extends it to also handle a store of a constant
with a larger size followed by a load with a smaller size.

This is implemented through ConstantFoldLoadThroughBitcast() which
is fairly primitive (e.g. does not allow storing a large integer
and then loading a small one), but at least can forward the first
element of a vector store. Unfortunately it seems that we currently
don't have a generic helper for "read a constant value as a different
type", it's all tangled up with other logic in either
ConstantFolding or VNCoercion.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D98114