[ELF] Fail the link early if the map file path is invalid

As with the changes made in r297645, we do not want a potentially long link to
be run, if it will ultimately fail because the map file is not writable. This
change reuses the same functionality as the output file path check. See
https://reviews.llvm.org/D30449 for further justification and explanations.

Reviewers: ruiu

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D31603

llvm-svn: 299420