[AssumptionCache] Avoid dangling llvm.assume calls in the cache

PR49043 exposed a problem when it comes to RAUW llvm.assumes. While
D96106 would fix it for GVNSink, it seems a more general concern. To
avoid future problems this patch moves away from the vector of weak
reference model used in the assumption cache. Instead, we track the
llvm.assume calls with a callback handle which will remove itself from
the cache if the call is deleted.

Fixes PR49043.

Reviewed By: nikic

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D96168