[JITLink] Add a utility for splitting blocks at a given index.

LinkGraph::splitBlock will split a block at a given index, returning a new
block covering the range [ 0, index ) and modifying the original block to
cover the range [ index, original-block-size ). Block addresses, content,
edges and symbols will be updated as necessary. This utility will be used
in upcoming improvements to JITLink's eh-frame support.