[CodeView] Clamp Frontend version

D43002 introduced a test debug-info-objname.cpp that outputted the current compiler version into CodeView. Internally we appended a date to the patch version and overflowed the 16-bits allocated to that space. This change clamps the Frontend version outputted values to 16-bits like rGd1185fc081ead71a8bf239ff1814f5ff73084c15 did for the Backend version.

Testing:
ninja check-all
newly added tests correctly clamps and no longer asserts when trying to output the field

Reviewed By: aganea

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D116243