[ThinLTO] Option to control path of distributed backend files

Summary:
Add support to control where files for a distributed backend (the
individual index files and optional imports files) are created.

This is invoked with a new thinlto-prefix-replace option in the gold
plugin and llvm-lto. If specified, expects a string of the form
"oldprefix:newprefix", and instead of generating these files in the
same directory path as the corresponding bitcode file, will use a path
formed by replacing the bitcode file's path prefix matching oldprefix
with newprefix.

Also add a new replace_path_prefix helper to Path.h in libSupport.

Depends on D19636.

Reviewers: joker.eph

Subscribers: llvm-commits, joker.eph

Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D19644

llvm-svn: 269771