Introduce integer division and remainder operations

This adds signed/unsigned integer division and remainder operations to the
StandardOps dialect.  Two versions are required because MLIR integers are
signless, but the meaning of the leading bit is important in division and
affects the results.  LLVM IR made a similar choice.  Define the operations in
the tablegen file and add simple constant folding hooks in the C++
implementation.  Handle signed division overflow and division by zero errors in
constant folding.  Canonicalization is left for future work.

These operations are necessary to lower affine_apply's down to LLVM IR.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 228077549