Fix an accepts-invalid issue with [[]] attributes in the type position in C

A user reported an issue to me via email that Clang was accepting some
code that GCC was rejecting. After investigation, it turned out to be a
general problem of us failing to properly reject attributes written in
the type position in C when they don't apply to types. The root cause
was a terminology issue -- we sometimes use "CXX11Attr" to mean [[]] in
C++11 mode and sometimes [[]] in general -- and this came back to bite
us because in this particular case, it really meant [[]] in C++ mode.

I fixed the issue by introducing a new function
AttributeCommonInfo::isStandardAttributeSyntax() to represent [[]] in
either C or C++ mode.

This fix pointed out that we've had the issue in some of our existing
tests, which have all been corrected. This resolves
https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=50954.