[DebugInfo] Use variadic debug values to salvage BinOps and GEP instrs with non-const operands

This patch improves salvageDebugInfoImpl by allowing it to salvage arithmetic
operations with two or more non-const operands; this includes the GetElementPtr
instruction, and most Binary Operator instructions. These salvages produce
DIArgList locations and are only valid for dbg.values, as currently variadic
DIExpressions must use DW_OP_stack_value. This functionality is also only added
for salvageDebugInfoForDbgValues; other functions that directly call
salvageDebugInfoImpl (such as in ISel or Coroutine frame building) can be
updated in a later patch.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D91722