[XRay][tools] Support new kinds of instrumentation map entries

Summary:
When extracting the instrumentation map from a binary, we should be able
to recognize the new kinds of instrumentation sleds we've been emitting
with the compiler using -fxray-instrument. This change adds a test for
all the kinds of sleds we currently support (sans the tail-call sled,
which is a bit harder to force in a simple prebuilt input).

Reviewers: kpw, dblaikie

Subscribers: llvm-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D36819

llvm-svn: 311305