[XRay] Implement `llvm-xray extract`, start of the llvm-xray tool

Usage:

  llvm-xray extract <object file> [-o <filename or '-'>]

The tool gets the XRay instrumentation map from an object file and turns
it into YAML.  We first support ELF64 sleds on x86_64 binaries, with
provision for supporting other supported platforms and formats later.

This is the first of a many-part change to fully implement the
`llvm-xray` tool.

We also define a subcommand registration and dispatch mechanism to be
used by other further subcommand implementations for llvm-xray.

Diffusion Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D21987

llvm-svn: 285165