Re-land "[DebugInfo] Move function from line table to the prologue (NFC)"

In LLDB, when parsing type units, we don't need to parse the whole line
table. Instead, we only need to parse the "support files" from the line
table prologue.

To make that possible, this patch moves the respective functions from
the LineTable into the Prologue. Because I don't think users of the
LineTable should have to know that these files come from the Prologue,

I've left the original methods in place, and made them redirect to the
LineTable.

Differential revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D64774

llvm-svn: 366164