[analyzer] Reapply r271907 (2nd try).

Second try at reapplying
"[analyzer] Add checker for correct usage of MPI API in C and C++."

Special thanks to Dan Liew for helping test the fix for the template
specialization compiler error with gcc.

The original patch is by Alexander Droste!

Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D12761

llvm-svn: 271977