[ScalarEvolution] Refactor forgetLoop() to improve performance

forgetLoop() has pretty bad performance because it goes over
the same instructions over and over again in particular when
nested loop are involved.
The refactoring changes the function to a not-recursive function
and reusing the allocation for data-structures and the Visited
set.

NFCI

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D37659

llvm-svn: 312920