[libcxx] Never use <cassert> within libc++

Summary:
It is my opinion that libc++ should never use `<cassert>`, including in the `dylib`. This patch remove all uses of `assert` from within libc++ and replaces most of them with `_LIBCPP_ASSERT` instead.

Additionally this patch turn `LIBCXX_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS`  off by default, because the standard library should not be aborting user programs unless explicitly asked to.

Reviewers: mclow.lists, compnerd, smeenai

Reviewed By: mclow.lists

Subscribers: mgorny, cfe-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D29063

llvm-svn: 292883