[modules] Fix missing includes/typo in LLDB's includes. [NFC]

Summary:
This patch adds missing includes to the LLDB headers inside `include/` as a first step of building LLDB's source with C++ modules. It also fixes this single `stds::` typo.

Some quick map why some non-obvious includes were necessary:
* lldb/lldb-defines.h for LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS
* lldb/lldb-types.h for addr_t
* lldb/lldb-defines.h for DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIG
* lldb/DataFormatters/TypeSynthetic.h for SyntheticChildrenFrontEnd

Reviewers: aprantl

Reviewed By: aprantl

Subscribers: zturner, lldb-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D42340

llvm-svn: 323064