[WebAssembly] Add COMDAT support

See https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=35533, and D40844

Things covered:
* Removing duplicate data segments (as determined by COMDATs emitted
  by the frontend)
* Removing duplicate globals and functions in COMDATs
* Checking that each time a COMDAT is seen it has the same symbols
  as at other times (ie it's a stronger check than simply giving all
  the symbols in the COMDAT weak linkage)

Patch by Nicholas Wilson!

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D40845

llvm-svn: 322415