[LiveDebugVariables] Add cache for SkipPHIsLabelsAndDebug to prevent

iterating the same PHI/LABEL/Debug instructions repeatedly.

We run into a compiling timeout problem when building a target after its
SampleFDO profile is updated. It is because some very large blocks with
a bunch of PHIs at the beginning. LiveDebugVariables::emitDebugValues
called during VirtRegRewriter phase searchs the insertion point for those
large BBs repeatedly in SkipPHIsLabelsAndDebug, and each time
SkipPHIsLabelsAndDebug needs to go through the same set of PHIs before it
can find the first non PHI/Label/Debug instruction. This patch adds a cache
to save the last position for the sequence which has been checked in the
previous call of SkipPHIsLabelsAndDebug.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D94981