FileCheck [5/12]: Introduce regular numeric variables

Summary:
This patch is part of a patch series to add support for FileCheck
numeric expressions. This specific patch introduces regular numeric
variables which can be set on the command-line.

This commit introduces regular numeric variable that can be set on the
command-line with the -D option to a numeric value. They can then be
used in CHECK patterns in numeric expression with the same shape as
@LINE numeric expression, ie. VAR, VAR+offset or VAR-offset where offset
is an integer literal.

The commit also enable strict whitespace in the verbose.txt testcase to
check that the position or the location diagnostics. It fixes one of the
existing CHECK in the process which was not accurately testing a
location diagnostic (ie. the diagnostic was correct, not the CHECK).

Copyright:
    - Linaro (changes up to diff 183612 of revision D55940)
    - GraphCore (changes in later versions of revision D55940 and
                 in new revision created off D55940)

Reviewers: jhenderson, chandlerc, jdenny, probinson, grimar, arichardson, rnk

Subscribers: hiraditya, llvm-commits, probinson, dblaikie, grimar, arichardson, tra, rnk, kristina, hfinkel, rogfer01, JonChesterfield

Tags: #llvm

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D60385

llvm-svn: 360578