[flang] Add semantic check for multiple part-ref with non-zero rank

This patch is to diagnose the case when a type bound procedure is passed as an actual procedure argument.

   call sub0(t%t3%t2%t%info1)

Fix: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/55826

Committed on behalf of DanielCChen

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D141506