[libcxx] Add LIBCXX_EXTRA_SITE_DEFINES for adding extra defines in __config_site

This is similar to the existing setting LIBCXX_ABI_DEFINES, with
the difference that this also allows setting other defines than
ones that start with "_LIBCPP_ABI_", and allows setting defines
to a specific value.

This allows avoiding using LIBCXX_TEST_COMPILER_FLAGS in two
CI configurations.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D116109