[clang-tools-extra] Use std::optional instead of llvm::Optional (NFC)

This patch replaces (llvm::|)Optional< with std::optional<.  I'll post
a separate patch to clean up the "using" declarations, #include
"llvm/ADT/Optional.h", etc.

This is part of an effort to migrate from llvm::Optional to
std::optional:

https://discourse.llvm.org/t/deprecating-llvm-optional-x-hasvalue-getvalue-getvalueor/63716