[libc++] Introduce _LIBCPP_EXTERN_VIS to fix __libcpp_debug_function link errors

Summary: On Windows tests that use `_LIBCPP_ASSERT` fail to link because the assertion handler function isn't correctly exported from the libc++ dylib. This patch fixes the dll import/export issues by introducing a new visibility macro `_LIBCPP_EXTERN_VIS` for use on external variables.

Reviewers: compnerd, smeenai, EricWF

Reviewed By: EricWF

Subscribers: cfe-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D28728

llvm-svn: 292158