IndVarSimplify.cpp

  // If we have a trip count expression, rewrite the loop's exit condition
  // using it.  We can currently only handle loops with a single exit.
  ICmpInst *NewICmp = 0;
  if (ExpandBECount) {
    assert(canExpandBackedgeTakenCount(L, BackedgeTakenCount) &&
           "canonical IV disrupted BackedgeTaken expansion");
    assert(NeedCannIV &&
           "LinearFunctionTestReplace requires a canonical induction variable");
    NewICmp = LinearFunctionTestReplace(L, BackedgeTakenCount, IndVar,
                                        Rewriter);
  }
  // Rewrite IV-derived expressions.
  if (!DisableIVRewrite)
    RewriteIVExpressions(L, Rewriter);

  // Clear the rewriter cache, because values that are in the rewriter's cache
  // can be deleted in the loop below, causing the AssertingVH in the cache to
  // trigger.
  Rewriter.clear();

  // Now that we're done iterating through lists, clean up any instructions
  // which are now dead.
  while (!DeadInsts.empty())
    if (Instruction *Inst =
          dyn_cast_or_null<Instruction>(&*DeadInsts.pop_back_val()))
      RecursivelyDeleteTriviallyDeadInstructions(Inst);

  // The Rewriter may not be used from this point on.

  // Loop-invariant instructions in the preheader that aren't used in the
  // loop may be sunk below the loop to reduce register pressure.
  SinkUnusedInvariants(L);

  // For completeness, inform IVUsers of the IV use in the newly-created
  // loop exit test instruction.
  if (NewICmp)
    IU->AddUsersIfInteresting(cast<Instruction>(NewICmp->getOperand(0)),
                              IndVar);

  // Clean up dead instructions.
  Changed |= DeleteDeadPHIs(L->getHeader());
  // Check a post-condition.
  assert(L->isLCSSAForm(*DT) && "Indvars did not leave the loop in lcssa form!");
  return Changed;
}

// FIXME: It is an extremely bad idea to indvar substitute anything more
// complex than affine induction variables.  Doing so will put expensive
// polynomial evaluations inside of the loop, and the str reduction pass
// currently can only reduce affine polynomials.  For now just disable
// indvar subst on anything more complex than an affine addrec, unless
// it can be expanded to a trivial value.
static bool isSafe(const SCEV *S, const Loop *L, ScalarEvolution *SE) {
  // Loop-invariant values are safe.
  if (SE->isLoopInvariant(S, L)) return true;

  // Affine addrecs are safe. Non-affine are not, because LSR doesn't know how
  // to transform them into efficient code.
  if (const SCEVAddRecExpr *AR = dyn_cast<SCEVAddRecExpr>(S))
    return AR->isAffine();

  // An add is safe it all its operands are safe.
  if (const SCEVCommutativeExpr *Commutative = dyn_cast<SCEVCommutativeExpr>(S)) {
    for (SCEVCommutativeExpr::op_iterator I = Commutative->op_begin(),
         E = Commutative->op_end(); I != E; ++I)
      if (!isSafe(*I, L, SE)) return false;
    return true;
  }

  // A cast is safe if its operand is.
  if (const SCEVCastExpr *C = dyn_cast<SCEVCastExpr>(S))
    return isSafe(C->getOperand(), L, SE);

  // A udiv is safe if its operands are.
  if (const SCEVUDivExpr *UD = dyn_cast<SCEVUDivExpr>(S))
    return isSafe(UD->getLHS(), L, SE) &&
           isSafe(UD->getRHS(), L, SE);

  // SCEVUnknown is always safe.
  if (isa<SCEVUnknown>(S))
    return true;

  // Nothing else is safe.
  return false;
}

void IndVarSimplify::RewriteIVExpressions(Loop *L, SCEVExpander &Rewriter) {
  // Rewrite all induction variable expressions in terms of the canonical
  // induction variable.
  //
  // If there were induction variables of other sizes or offsets, manually
  // add the offsets to the primary induction variable and cast, avoiding
  // the need for the code evaluation methods to insert induction variables
  // of different sizes.
  for (IVUsers::iterator UI = IU->begin(), E = IU->end(); UI != E; ++UI) {
    Value *Op = UI->getOperandValToReplace();
    const Type *UseTy = Op->getType();
    Instruction *User = UI->getUser();

    // Compute the final addrec to expand into code.
    const SCEV *AR = IU->getReplacementExpr(*UI);

    // Evaluate the expression out of the loop, if possible.
    if (!L->contains(UI->getUser())) {
      const SCEV *ExitVal = SE->getSCEVAtScope(AR, L->getParentLoop());
      if (SE->isLoopInvariant(ExitVal, L))
        AR = ExitVal;
    }

    // FIXME: It is an extremely bad idea to indvar substitute anything more
    // complex than affine induction variables.  Doing so will put expensive
    // polynomial evaluations inside of the loop, and the str reduction pass
    // currently can only reduce affine polynomials.  For now just disable
    // indvar subst on anything more complex than an affine addrec, unless
    // it can be expanded to a trivial value.
    if (!isSafe(AR, L, SE))
      continue;

    // Determine the insertion point for this user. By default, insert
    // immediately before the user. The SCEVExpander class will automatically
    // hoist loop invariants out of the loop. For PHI nodes, there may be
    // multiple uses, so compute the nearest common dominator for the
    // incoming blocks.
    Instruction *InsertPt = User;
    if (PHINode *PHI = dyn_cast<PHINode>(InsertPt))
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = PHI->getNumIncomingValues(); i != e; ++i)
        if (PHI->getIncomingValue(i) == Op) {
          if (InsertPt == User)
            InsertPt = PHI->getIncomingBlock(i)->getTerminator();
          else
            InsertPt =
              DT->findNearestCommonDominator(InsertPt->getParent(),
                                             PHI->getIncomingBlock(i))
                    ->getTerminator();
        }

    // Now expand it into actual Instructions and patch it into place.
    Value *NewVal = Rewriter.expandCodeFor(AR, UseTy, InsertPt);

    DEBUG(dbgs() << "INDVARS: Rewrote IV '" << *AR << "' " << *Op << '\n'
                 << "   into = " << *NewVal << "\n");

    if (!isValidRewrite(Op, NewVal)) {
      DeadInsts.push_back(NewVal);
      continue;
    }
    // Inform ScalarEvolution that this value is changing. The change doesn't
    // affect its value, but it does potentially affect which use lists the
    // value will be on after the replacement, which affects ScalarEvolution's
    // ability to walk use lists and drop dangling pointers when a value is
    // deleted.
    SE->forgetValue(User);

    // Patch the new value into place.
    if (Op->hasName())
      NewVal->takeName(Op);
    User->replaceUsesOfWith(Op, NewVal);
    UI->setOperandValToReplace(NewVal);

    ++NumRemoved;
    Changed = true;

    // The old value may be dead now.
    DeadInsts.push_back(Op);
  }
}

/// If there's a single exit block, sink any loop-invariant values that
/// were defined in the preheader but not used inside the loop into the
/// exit block to reduce register pressure in the loop.
void IndVarSimplify::SinkUnusedInvariants(Loop *L) {
  BasicBlock *ExitBlock = L->getExitBlock();
  if (!ExitBlock) return;

  BasicBlock *Preheader = L->getLoopPreheader();
  if (!Preheader) return;

  Instruction *InsertPt = ExitBlock->getFirstNonPHI();
  BasicBlock::iterator I = Preheader->getTerminator();
  while (I != Preheader->begin()) {
    --I;
    // New instructions were inserted at the end of the preheader.
    if (isa<PHINode>(I))
      break;

    // Don't move instructions which might have side effects, since the side
    // effects need to complete before instructions inside the loop.  Also don't
    // move instructions which might read memory, since the loop may modify
    // memory. Note that it's okay if the instruction might have undefined
    // behavior: LoopSimplify guarantees that the preheader dominates the exit
    // block.
    if (I->mayHaveSideEffects() || I->mayReadFromMemory())
      continue;

    // Skip debug info intrinsics.
    if (isa<DbgInfoIntrinsic>(I))
      continue;

    // Don't sink static AllocaInsts out of the entry block, which would
    // turn them into dynamic allocas!
    if (AllocaInst *AI = dyn_cast<AllocaInst>(I))
      if (AI->isStaticAlloca())
        continue;

    // Determine if there is a use in or before the loop (direct or
    // otherwise).
    bool UsedInLoop = false;
    for (Value::use_iterator UI = I->use_begin(), UE = I->use_end();
         UI != UE; ++UI) {
      User *U = *UI;
      BasicBlock *UseBB = cast<Instruction>(U)->getParent();
      if (PHINode *P = dyn_cast<PHINode>(U)) {
        unsigned i =
          PHINode::getIncomingValueNumForOperand(UI.getOperandNo());
        UseBB = P->getIncomingBlock(i);
      }
      if (UseBB == Preheader || L->contains(UseBB)) {
        UsedInLoop = true;
        break;
      }
    }

    // If there is, the def must remain in the preheader.
    if (UsedInLoop)
      continue;

    // Otherwise, sink it to the exit block.
    Instruction *ToMove = I;
    bool Done = false;

    if (I != Preheader->begin()) {
      // Skip debug info intrinsics.
      do {
        --I;
      } while (isa<DbgInfoIntrinsic>(I) && I != Preheader->begin());

      if (isa<DbgInfoIntrinsic>(I) && I == Preheader->begin())
        Done = true;
    } else {
      Done = true;
    }

    ToMove->moveBefore(InsertPt);
    if (Done) break;
    InsertPt = ToMove;
  }
}

/// ConvertToSInt - Convert APF to an integer, if possible.
static bool ConvertToSInt(const APFloat &APF, int64_t &IntVal) {
  bool isExact = false;
  if (&APF.getSemantics() == &APFloat::PPCDoubleDouble)
    return false;
  // See if we can convert this to an int64_t
  uint64_t UIntVal;
  if (APF.convertToInteger(&UIntVal, 64, true, APFloat::rmTowardZero,
                           &isExact) != APFloat::opOK || !isExact)
    return false;
  IntVal = UIntVal;
  return true;
}

/// HandleFloatingPointIV - If the loop has floating induction variable
/// then insert corresponding integer induction variable if possible.
/// For example,
/// for(double i = 0; i < 10000; ++i)
///   bar(i)
/// is converted into
/// for(int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i)
///   bar((double)i);
///
void IndVarSimplify::HandleFloatingPointIV(Loop *L, PHINode *PN) {
  unsigned IncomingEdge = L->contains(PN->getIncomingBlock(0));
  unsigned BackEdge     = IncomingEdge^1;

  // Check incoming value.
  ConstantFP *InitValueVal =
    dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(PN->getIncomingValue(IncomingEdge));

  int64_t InitValue;
  if (!InitValueVal || !ConvertToSInt(InitValueVal->getValueAPF(), InitValue))
    return;

  // Check IV increment. Reject this PN if increment operation is not
  // an add or increment value can not be represented by an integer.
  BinaryOperator *Incr =
    dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(PN->getIncomingValue(BackEdge));
  if (Incr == 0 || Incr->getOpcode() != Instruction::FAdd) return;

  // If this is not an add of the PHI with a constantfp, or if the constant fp
  // is not an integer, bail out.
  ConstantFP *IncValueVal = dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(Incr->getOperand(1));
  int64_t IncValue;
  if (IncValueVal == 0 || Incr->getOperand(0) != PN ||
      !ConvertToSInt(IncValueVal->getValueAPF(), IncValue))
    return;

  // Check Incr uses. One user is PN and the other user is an exit condition
  // used by the conditional terminator.
  Value::use_iterator IncrUse = Incr->use_begin();
  Instruction *U1 = cast<Instruction>(*IncrUse++);
  if (IncrUse == Incr->use_end()) return;
  Instruction *U2 = cast<Instruction>(*IncrUse++);
  if (IncrUse != Incr->use_end()) return;

  // Find exit condition, which is an fcmp.  If it doesn't exist, or if it isn't
  // only used by a branch, we can't transform it.
  FCmpInst *Compare = dyn_cast<FCmpInst>(U1);
  if (!Compare)
    Compare = dyn_cast<FCmpInst>(U2);
  if (Compare == 0 || !Compare->hasOneUse() ||
      !isa<BranchInst>(Compare->use_back()))
    return;

  BranchInst *TheBr = cast<BranchInst>(Compare->use_back());

  // We need to verify that the branch actually controls the iteration count
  // of the loop.  If not, the new IV can overflow and no one will notice.
  // The branch block must be in the loop and one of the successors must be out
  // of the loop.
  assert(TheBr->isConditional() && "Can't use fcmp if not conditional");
  if (!L->contains(TheBr->getParent()) ||
      (L->contains(TheBr->getSuccessor(0)) &&
       L->contains(TheBr->getSuccessor(1))))
    return;


  // If it isn't a comparison with an integer-as-fp (the exit value), we can't
  // transform it.
  ConstantFP *ExitValueVal = dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(Compare->getOperand(1));
  int64_t ExitValue;
  if (ExitValueVal == 0 ||
      !ConvertToSInt(ExitValueVal->getValueAPF(), ExitValue))
    return;

  // Find new predicate for integer comparison.
  CmpInst::Predicate NewPred = CmpInst::BAD_ICMP_PREDICATE;
  switch (Compare->getPredicate()) {
  default: return;  // Unknown comparison.
  case CmpInst::FCMP_OEQ:
  case CmpInst::FCMP_UEQ: NewPred = CmpInst::ICMP_EQ; break;
  case CmpInst::FCMP_ONE:
  case CmpInst::FCMP_UNE: NewPred = CmpInst::ICMP_NE; break;
  case CmpInst::FCMP_OGT:
  case CmpInst::FCMP_UGT: NewPred = CmpInst::ICMP_SGT; break;
  case CmpInst::FCMP_OGE:
  case CmpInst::FCMP_UGE: NewPred = CmpInst::ICMP_SGE; break;
  case CmpInst::FCMP_OLT:
  case CmpInst::FCMP_ULT: NewPred = CmpInst::ICMP_SLT; break;
  case CmpInst::FCMP_OLE:
  case CmpInst::FCMP_ULE: NewPred = CmpInst::ICMP_SLE; break;
  }

  // We convert the floating point induction variable to a signed i32 value if
  // we can.  This is only safe if the comparison will not overflow in a way
  // that won't be trapped by the integer equivalent operations.  Check for this
  // now.
  // TODO: We could use i64 if it is native and the range requires it.

  // The start/stride/exit values must all fit in signed i32.
  if (!isInt<32>(InitValue) || !isInt<32>(IncValue) || !isInt<32>(ExitValue))
    return;

  // If not actually striding (add x, 0.0), avoid touching the code.
  if (IncValue == 0)
    return;

  // Positive and negative strides have different safety conditions.
  if (IncValue > 0) {
    // If we have a positive stride, we require the init to be less than the
    // exit value and an equality or less than comparison.
    if (InitValue >= ExitValue ||
        NewPred == CmpInst::ICMP_SGT || NewPred == CmpInst::ICMP_SGE)
      return;

    uint32_t Range = uint32_t(ExitValue-InitValue);
    if (NewPred == CmpInst::ICMP_SLE) {
      // Normalize SLE -> SLT, check for infinite loop.
      if (++Range == 0) return;  // Range overflows.
    }

    unsigned Leftover = Range % uint32_t(IncValue);

    // If this is an equality comparison, we require that the strided value
    // exactly land on the exit value, otherwise the IV condition will wrap
    // around and do things the fp IV wouldn't.
    if ((NewPred == CmpInst::ICMP_EQ || NewPred == CmpInst::ICMP_NE) &&
        Leftover != 0)
      return;

    // If the stride would wrap around the i32 before exiting, we can't
    // transform the IV.
    if (Leftover != 0 && int32_t(ExitValue+IncValue) < ExitValue)
      return;

  } else {
    // If we have a negative stride, we require the init to be greater than the
    // exit value and an equality or greater than comparison.
    if (InitValue >= ExitValue ||
        NewPred == CmpInst::ICMP_SLT || NewPred == CmpInst::ICMP_SLE)
      return;

    uint32_t Range = uint32_t(InitValue-ExitValue);
    if (NewPred == CmpInst::ICMP_SGE) {
      // Normalize SGE -> SGT, check for infinite loop.
      if (++Range == 0) return;  // Range overflows.
    }

    unsigned Leftover = Range % uint32_t(-IncValue);

    // If this is an equality comparison, we require that the strided value
    // exactly land on the exit value, otherwise the IV condition will wrap
    // around and do things the fp IV wouldn't.
    if ((NewPred == CmpInst::ICMP_EQ || NewPred == CmpInst::ICMP_NE) &&
        Leftover != 0)
      return;

    // If the stride would wrap around the i32 before exiting, we can't
    // transform the IV.
    if (Leftover != 0 && int32_t(ExitValue+IncValue) > ExitValue)
      return;
  }

  const IntegerType *Int32Ty = Type::getInt32Ty(PN->getContext());

  // Insert new integer induction variable.
  PHINode *NewPHI = PHINode::Create(Int32Ty, 2, PN->getName()+".int", PN);
  NewPHI->addIncoming(ConstantInt::get(Int32Ty, InitValue),
                      PN->getIncomingBlock(IncomingEdge));

  Value *NewAdd =
    BinaryOperator::CreateAdd(NewPHI, ConstantInt::get(Int32Ty, IncValue),
                              Incr->getName()+".int", Incr);
  NewPHI->addIncoming(NewAdd, PN->getIncomingBlock(BackEdge));

  ICmpInst *NewCompare = new ICmpInst(TheBr, NewPred, NewAdd,
                                      ConstantInt::get(Int32Ty, ExitValue),
                                      Compare->getName());

  // In the following deletions, PN may become dead and may be deleted.
  // Use a WeakVH to observe whether this happens.
  WeakVH WeakPH = PN;

  // Delete the old floating point exit comparison.  The branch starts using the
  // new comparison.
  NewCompare->takeName(Compare);
  Compare->replaceAllUsesWith(NewCompare);
  RecursivelyDeleteTriviallyDeadInstructions(Compare);

  // Delete the old floating point increment.
  Incr->replaceAllUsesWith(UndefValue::get(Incr->getType()));
  RecursivelyDeleteTriviallyDeadInstructions(Incr);

  // If the FP induction variable still has uses, this is because something else
  // in the loop uses its value.  In order to canonicalize the induction
  // variable, we chose to eliminate the IV and rewrite it in terms of an
  // int->fp cast.
  //
  // We give preference to sitofp over uitofp because it is faster on most
  // platforms.
  if (WeakPH) {
    Value *Conv = new SIToFPInst(NewPHI, PN->getType(), "indvar.conv",
                                 PN->getParent()->getFirstNonPHI());
    PN->replaceAllUsesWith(Conv);
    RecursivelyDeleteTriviallyDeadInstructions(PN);
  }

  // Add a new IVUsers entry for the newly-created integer PHI.
  IU->AddUsersIfInteresting(NewPHI, NewPHI);
}