Configure: if we compile with clang, check that it is not broken

Some linux distibutions (for example, Mageia 2, Fedora 17) ship Clang that is
essentially broken for the end user.  Clang can not find or compile libstdc++
headers.

The issue is that our configure prefers clang over gcc, thus selecting a broken
Clang when a working GCC is available.

Now we detect this issue by compiling a simple program.  If it does not
compile, configure stops with an error suggesting the user to select a
different compiler.

llvm-svn: 171975