DWARF: Provide accessors to DIERef fields

Summary:
Instead of accessing the fields directly, use accessor functions to
provide access to the DIERef components. This allows us to decouple the
external interface, from the internal representation. The external
interface can use llvm::Optional and similar goodies, while the data can
still be stored internally in a more compact representation.

I also document the purpose of the existing DIERef fields.

The main motivation for this change is a need to introduce an additional
field to the DIERef class, but I believe the change has its own merit.

Reviewers: JDevlieghere, aprantl, clayborg

Subscribers: arphaman, lldb-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D63400

llvm-svn: 363910