ScalarEvolution: Do not keep temporary PHI values in ValueExprMap

Before this patch simplified SCEV expressions for PHI nodes were only returned
the very first time getSCEV() was called, but later calls to getSCEV always
returned the non-simplified value, which had "temporarily" been stored in the
ValueExprMap, but was never removed and consequently blocked the caching of the
simplified PHI expression.

llvm-svn: 261485