Organize LLVM C API docs into doxygen modules; add docs

This gives a lot of love to the docs for the C API. Like Clang's
documentation, the C API is now organized into a Doxygen "module"
(LLVMC). Each C header file is a child of the main module. Some modules
(like Core) have a hierarchy of there own. The produced documentation is
thus better organized (before everything was in one monolithic list).

This patch also includes a lot of new documentation for APIs in Core.h.
It doesn't document them all, but is better than none. Function docs are
missing @param and @return annotation, but the documentation body now
commonly provides help details (like the expected llvm::Value sub-type
to expect).

llvm-svn: 153157