[SymbolFile] Add the module lock where necessary and assert that we own it.

As discussed with Greg at the dev meeting, we need to ensure we have the
module lock in the SymbolFile. Usually the symbol file is accessed
through the symbol vendor which ensures that the necessary locks are
taken. However, there are a few methods that are accessed by the
expression parser and were lacking the lock.

This patch adds the locking where necessary and everywhere else asserts
that we actually already own the lock.

Differential revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D52543

llvm-svn: 344945