Solidify the assumption that a DW_TAG_subprogram's type is a DW_TAG_subroutine_type

There were bits & pieces of code lying around that may've given the
impression that debug info metadata supported the possibility that a
subprogram's type could be specified by a non-subroutine type describing
the return type of a void function. This support was incomplete &
unnecessary. Asserts & API have been changed to make the desired usage
more clear.

llvm-svn: 182532