[analyzer] Add PlacementNewChecker

Summary:
This checker verifies if default placement new is provided with pointers
to sufficient storage capacity.

Noncompliant Code Example:
  #include <new>
  void f() {
    short s;
    long *lp = ::new (&s) long;
  }

Based on SEI CERT rule MEM54-CPP
https://wiki.sei.cmu.edu/confluence/display/cplusplus/MEM54-CPP.+Provide+placement+new+with+properly+aligned+pointe
This patch does not implement checking of the alignment.

Reviewers: NoQ, xazax.hun

Subscribers: mgorny, whisperity, xazax.hun, baloghadamsoftware, szepet,
rnkovacs, a.sidorin, mikhail.ramalho, donat

Tags: #clang

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D71612